31 mayo 2011
"Copien nuestra formación en la empresa y su paro bajará"
Interesante entrevista. A ver si aprendemos algo.......
No os la perdáis.....
http://www.lavanguardia.com/lacontra/20110511/54152146193/copien-nuestra-formacion-en-la-empresa-y-su-paro-bajara.html
11/05/2011 - 00:08
Dieter Hundt, presidente de los empresarios alemanes; recibe la medalla de la Racef
Foto: Maite Cruz
LLUÍS AMIGUET
Trabajar es estudiar
¿Tiene algún sentido que nuestros jóvenes estudien hasta los 22 –o más– sin haber trabajado nunca? ¿Tienen sentido carreras académicas y luego funcionariales que ignoran las necesidades de la sociedad que las financia? En Alemania nunca se estudia o se trabaja –¡qué absurda disyuntiva!–, sino que siempre se hacen las dos cosas a la vez. El presidente de los empresarios alemanes nos cuenta cómo todo estudiante alemán puede tener un contrato de formación en una empresa. Así un joven motivado sabe lo que debe aprender y también sabe que no se quedará en el paro al acabar de aprenderlo. Copiémoslo, porque Alemania tiene una de las menores tasas de desempleo juvenil del mundo.
...
Dígame qué podemos copiar de su sistema.
Los empresarios y trabajadores alemanes –no olvide que nuestro modelo económico implica un alto grado de cogestión– estamos muy orgullosos del sistema que llamamos dual: empresa-escuela. Y estoy convencido de que ustedes podrían imitarlo.
Cuéntenos.
El secreto es no separar nunca el trabajo de la formación, la empresa de la escuela...
¿Cómo?
En una primera fase, el joven empleado entra en la empresa con un contrato de formación, pero sin dejar nunca de estudiar, de forma que teoría y práctica se complementan y así los institutos y los jóvenes responden a las necesidades de la empresa.
Y así el joven sabe qué es lo que necesita saber y sabe que tendrá empleo.
Ha sido un gran éxito para Alemania que explica que tengamos ahora una de las tasas de paro juvenil más bajas del mundo.
Habrá que copiarles.
De momento, sólo Austria y Suiza aplican contratos similares. Pero el éxito nos ha animado a ampliar esos contratos que, en principio, eran sólo de formación profesional, también a los niveles superiores de preparación universitaria y gestión empresarial.
Por ejemplo.
Igual que se forma un electromecánico o un mecatrónico, también puede formarse un ingeniero superior... O un gestor empresarial.
Y el mecatrónico puede ir estudiando sin dejar de trabajar hasta ser ingeniero.
Es lo que llamamos universidad profesional, que se funda sobre un triángulo virtuoso de cooperación durante toda la formación continuada: el estudiante tiene un contrato de formación con una empresa y, al mismo tiempo, mantiene sus estudios o una investigación avanzada en un laboratorio o un departamento universitario.
Tiene mucho sentido.
De nuevo, ayuda a que la empresa y la universidad encaren juntos los cambios que necesita el sistema para afrontar la competencia globalizada. Pero ahora estamos yendo todavía más allá e integrando a los grandes centros de investigación, como el Instituto Max Planck, y a sus investigadores en programas muy concretos de empresas.
La investigación no debería estar reñida con la productividad, sino al contrario.
De hecho, cuando estuvimos en crisis no redujimos ni un céntimo de los programas duales empresa-escuela y empresa-universidad sino al contrario, los aumentamos...
También con mucho sentido común.
Ahora mismo dedicamos 25.000 millones de euros al sistema dual en sus niveles más juveniles y otros 28.000 millones a la formación de los empleados en todas las edades.
Mejor invertirlos en formación en la empresa que en subsidio del paro.
¡Es una excelente inversión social! Aunque al final el joven no se quede en la empresa donde empezó, estará muy bien formado.
Están ustedes exportando y creciendo como nunca: ¿no necesitan más jóvenes?
De hecho, sí, y sobre todo nos hacen falta en los niveles iniciales del sistema dual, por eso estamos intentando integrar con contratos de formación en Alemania a jóvenes del Este: estudiantes checos, polacos...
Parece que han digerido ustedes la integración de la Alemania ex comunista.
No fue fácil, como sabe, hubo que privatizar empresas estatales obsoletas y eso supuso despedir a miles de empleados. La lección es que los acuerdos que nos permitieron avanzar con menos coste social fueron posibles gracias a nuestro sistema de concertación y cogestión empresarios-sindicatos que mencionaba al principio.
También es muy criticado...
Empresarios y sindicatos de otros países nos critican a menudo, porque creen que ese grado de concertación y pacto empresarios- empleados supone la renuncia a defender los propios intereses.
¿No es así?
No es fácil conllevarse y cogestionar entre empresarios y empleados, pero con el paso de los años te das cuenta de que ese consenso es el mejor modo de adaptarse a las exigencias del mercado y a la competencia globalizada en mercados dinámicos.
Y a Alemania le va muy bien esta crisis.
Creo que la cogestión y la formación en la empresa nos han ayudado.
¿Cómo mejoraría usted la integración de la España y la Italia del sur?
Son casos muy diferentes de la integración alemana. Y además, recuerde que en mi land, Baden-Württemberg, o en Bavaria el paro es del 4% , pero tenemos länder en el este que llegan al 13%, así que la media alemana queda en el 7%.
Pero parece que su capitalismo social, el modelo renano, goza de buena salud.
El modelo norteamericano –“o gano ya o te despido”– o el japonés, de excesiva dependencia emocional de la empresa, no se adaptan a la mentalidad alemana tan bien como nuestro modelo alemán de consenso y concertación. Tal vez lo podrían ustedes ir adoptando y adaptando, junto con nuestro sistema de formación en la empresa.
¿Y el modelo español...?
Bueno, sus sindicatos parecen más militantes y beligerantes en principio, pero después ya en la mesa de negociaciones se moderan y cooperan.
25 mayo 2011
Un lugar llamado MOUSELAND
Un amigo me ha enviado un vídeo con un discurso bien interesante.....
Gran discurso de TOMMY DOUGLAS, el abuelo de Kiefer Sutherland, siiiiiii.....
Si os interesa podéis mirar la Wikipedia: Tommy Douglas
No os perdáis el vídeo......
Gran discurso de TOMMY DOUGLAS, el abuelo de Kiefer Sutherland, siiiiiii.....
Si os interesa podéis mirar la Wikipedia: Tommy Douglas
No os perdáis el vídeo......
23 mayo 2011
LOVEFIELD - Un corto de Mathieu Ratthe
Un corto de lo bueno lo mejor, de lo mejor lo superior....... que dirían los Gomaespuma......
----------------------------
Lovefield combines elements of HORROR, SUSPENSE and DRAMA to create a story that takes the audience on a roller coaster ride of emotions.
Lovefield combina elementos de horror, suspense y drama para crear una historia que lleva a la audiencia en montaña rusa de emociones.
----------------------------
Lovefield combines elements of HORROR, SUSPENSE and DRAMA to create a story that takes the audience on a roller coaster ride of emotions.
Lovefield combina elementos de horror, suspense y drama para crear una historia que lleva a la audiencia en montaña rusa de emociones.
20 mayo 2011
TRES divertidísimas escenas de "THE BIG BANG THEORY"
De lo mejor de la comedia actual....
DR. SHELDON COOPER BS, MS, MA, PhD y ScD
DOCTORS
SAFETY
DR. SHELDON COOPER BS, MS, MA, PhD y ScD
DOCTORS
SAFETY
10 mayo 2011
"Desclassificats"
El domingo pasado me invitaron a ver la obra de teatro "Desclassificats".
Muy buena y recomendable.
Con Abel Folk (la "voz" de Pierce Brosnan), Toni Sevilla y Emma Vilarasau. IMPRESIONANTES LOS TRES
¿Qué pasa cuando nuestros valores y convicciones, los principios más sólidos que nos rigen, se ven cuestionados, incluso en contra de nosotros?
Como dijo Groucho Marx: "Estos son mis principios y si no le gustan.... bueno, tengo otros"
Sobre la Mano Izquierda, No hay Respuestas Sencillas
Retomamos el mes de mayo hablando de zurdos.... que no estamos endemoniaos... ¿o sip?....
Fuente: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/08/health/views/08klass.html
Published: March 6, 2011
Humans are asymmetric animals. Early in our embryonic development, the heart turns to the left. The liver develops on the right. The left and right lungs have distinct structure.
From left: United Press International; Gary Cameron/Reuters; Jonathan Ernst/Reuters
Recent left-handed presidents include, from left, Gerald R. Ford, Bill Clinton and Barack Obama.
There are certain rare syndromes in which the usual asymmetry of organs is reversed — I remember how disconcerting it was the first time I examined a child with dextrocardia, a heart on the right side, and heard the heart sounds in unexpected places. But when it comes to handedness, another basic human asymmetry, which reflects the structure and function of the brain, the reversed pattern is relatively common, and for all that, not easily understood.
Over the centuries, left-handers have been accused of criminality and dealings with the devil, and children have been subjected to “re-education.” In recent years the stigma has largely vanished; among other things, four of our last seven presidents — Ford, the elder Bush, Clinton, Obama — have been left-handed. (Reagan is sometimes cited as ambidextrous, and in his autobiography, Gerald Ford said he wrote with his right hand while standing.)
But the riddle of what underlies handedness remains. Its proportions — roughly 90 percent of people are right-handed and 10 percent left-handed — stay consistent over time.
“This is really still mysterious,” said Clyde Francks, a geneticist and the lead author of a 2007 study in which Oxford University researchers identified a genetic variant linked to left-handedness.
Hand dominance (whether left or right) is related to brain asymmetry. And that, Dr. Francks said, “is not at all understood; we’re really at the very beginning of understanding what makes the brain asymmetrical.”
Though brain asymmetries exist in our closest primate relatives, there seems to be general consensus that the human brain is more profoundly asymmetric, and that understanding that asymmetry will show us much about who we are and how our brains work.
Brain lateralization, the distribution of function into right and left hemispheres, is crucial for understanding language, thought memory and perhaps even creativity. For many years, handedness has been seen as a possible proxy, an external clue to the balance in the brain between left and right.
For right-handed people, language activity is predominantly on the left side. Many left-handers also have left-side language dominance, but a significant number have language either more evenly distributed in both hemispheres or else predominantly on the right side of the brain.
Handedness clearly runs in families. The 2007 paper by the group at Oxford identified a gene, LRRTM1, that they discovered in the course of studying children with dyslexia, and which turned out to be associated with the development of left-handedness.
Dr. Francks, who is now at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands, recalls that the discovery made headlines and attracted a great deal of attention, the more so because this gene was also found disproportionately in people with schizophrenia, even though none of these connections are simple or well understood. “We’re not looking for a gene for handedness or a gene for schizophrenia,” he said. “We’re looking for subtle relationships.” The gene affects the ways that neurons communicate with one another, he said, but its mechanisms still need to be studied.
Dr. Daniel Geschwind, a professor of human genetics, neurology and psychiatry atUniversity of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, is interested in the connections between language and handedness, and the ways that handedness can help us understand the evolution of the human brain. “Handedness has a genetic basis, but like other complex traits — height, weight — it is complex,” he said. “It’s not a single gene that leads to it. There’s a strong environmental component, too. It’s a very tricky problem.”
As with other traits that we are tempted to classify as either/or, handedness is probably better viewed as a spectrum encompassing the very strongly right-handed or left-handed, and a range of those who prefer to use one hand or the other, but have different degrees of comfort and competency with the nondominant hand.
In general, said Dr. Geschwind, left-handers have less asymmetric brains, with more even distribution over the two hemispheres. “Perhaps a more accurate conceptual way to think about them is as non-right-handers,” he said. “Many of them are much more likely to be ambidextrous and have fine motor abilities with their right hands.”
Because left-handedness has been seen as a key to the complex anatomy of the brain, researchers continue to look for — and debate — links to many other conditions, including immune disorders, learning disabilities and dyslexia, reduced life expectancy and schizophrenia.
None of it turns out to be simple. The idea of links to schizophrenia has been particularly persistent, but schizophrenia is a complicated and probably heterogeneous disorder, and studies of different populations show different patterns; last year, a study found no increased risk with non-right-handedness for schizophrenia or poorer neurocognition.
In pediatrics, we sometimes worry about children who manifest handedness too early, before their first birthday. The concern is that if a very young child seems to strongly prefer one hand, there may actually be some problem — perhaps some kind of neurological damage — on the other side.
Left-handedness has sometimes been treated as pathological. Cesare Lombroso, the infamous 19th-century physician who identified various facial (and racial) features with criminal traits, also saw left-handedness as evidence of pathology, primitivism, savagery and criminality. And I was brought up with the story that a generation ago, in the bad old days (and in the old country), foolish unenlightened people tried to force left-handed children to convert and use their right hands. My father said that my uncle, his older brother, had had his left hand tied behind his back as a child.
A colleague’s husband, Anthony Gentile, a fund manager who is 41 and grew up outside Cincinnati, told me that though he was always left-handed, he was taught to write with his right hand — though he can form the letters, he could never learn to hold the pencil correctly in that hand. “I can hold the pencil properly in my left hand, but I don’t have the coordination to write,” he told me. “It looks like I’m holding the pencil properly, but I am unable to make any letters.”
The percentage of left-handers in the population seems to be relatively constant, at 10 percent. And this goes back to studies of cave paintings, looking at which hands hunters are using to hold their spears, and to archaeological analyses of ancient artifacts. So though there has been prejudice against left-handers, and though there may be some developmental risks, said Dr. Geschwind, “there clearly must be advantages as well. The reason why it maintains that way, nobody knows what it is.”
Indeed, there seems to be a certain fascination with figuring out the areas (like the presidency) in which left-handers seem to shine. Numbers are sometimes quoted about how many architects are left-handed, or how many M.I.T. professors. On the other hand (so to speak), at a moment when we can finally hope for an end to winter, maybe we should celebrate the left-handers whose greatness truly lies in the ways they integrate motor control, strength and the highest kinds of skill and intelligence.
Warren Spahn,Sandy Koufax, Whitey Ford, anyone? C. C. Sabathia, Jon Lester, Cliff Lee?
This article has been revised to reflect the following correction:
Correction: March 12, 2011
A picture caption on Tuesday with the continuation of the 18 & Under column, about the spectrum of hand dominance and brain asymmetry, referred incorrectly to President Gerald R. Ford, who was shown writing while seated at a desk. While Mr. Ford was usually cited as being left-handed, he wrote in his autobiography that he used his right hand when standing; he was not “fully left-handed.”
Fuente: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/08/health/views/08klass.html
Published: March 6, 2011
Humans are asymmetric animals. Early in our embryonic development, the heart turns to the left. The liver develops on the right. The left and right lungs have distinct structure.
From left: United Press International; Gary Cameron/Reuters; Jonathan Ernst/Reuters
Recent left-handed presidents include, from left, Gerald R. Ford, Bill Clinton and Barack Obama.
There are certain rare syndromes in which the usual asymmetry of organs is reversed — I remember how disconcerting it was the first time I examined a child with dextrocardia, a heart on the right side, and heard the heart sounds in unexpected places. But when it comes to handedness, another basic human asymmetry, which reflects the structure and function of the brain, the reversed pattern is relatively common, and for all that, not easily understood.
Over the centuries, left-handers have been accused of criminality and dealings with the devil, and children have been subjected to “re-education.” In recent years the stigma has largely vanished; among other things, four of our last seven presidents — Ford, the elder Bush, Clinton, Obama — have been left-handed. (Reagan is sometimes cited as ambidextrous, and in his autobiography, Gerald Ford said he wrote with his right hand while standing.)
But the riddle of what underlies handedness remains. Its proportions — roughly 90 percent of people are right-handed and 10 percent left-handed — stay consistent over time.
“This is really still mysterious,” said Clyde Francks, a geneticist and the lead author of a 2007 study in which Oxford University researchers identified a genetic variant linked to left-handedness.
Hand dominance (whether left or right) is related to brain asymmetry. And that, Dr. Francks said, “is not at all understood; we’re really at the very beginning of understanding what makes the brain asymmetrical.”
Though brain asymmetries exist in our closest primate relatives, there seems to be general consensus that the human brain is more profoundly asymmetric, and that understanding that asymmetry will show us much about who we are and how our brains work.
Brain lateralization, the distribution of function into right and left hemispheres, is crucial for understanding language, thought memory and perhaps even creativity. For many years, handedness has been seen as a possible proxy, an external clue to the balance in the brain between left and right.
For right-handed people, language activity is predominantly on the left side. Many left-handers also have left-side language dominance, but a significant number have language either more evenly distributed in both hemispheres or else predominantly on the right side of the brain.
Handedness clearly runs in families. The 2007 paper by the group at Oxford identified a gene, LRRTM1, that they discovered in the course of studying children with dyslexia, and which turned out to be associated with the development of left-handedness.
Dr. Francks, who is now at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands, recalls that the discovery made headlines and attracted a great deal of attention, the more so because this gene was also found disproportionately in people with schizophrenia, even though none of these connections are simple or well understood. “We’re not looking for a gene for handedness or a gene for schizophrenia,” he said. “We’re looking for subtle relationships.” The gene affects the ways that neurons communicate with one another, he said, but its mechanisms still need to be studied.
Dr. Daniel Geschwind, a professor of human genetics, neurology and psychiatry atUniversity of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, is interested in the connections between language and handedness, and the ways that handedness can help us understand the evolution of the human brain. “Handedness has a genetic basis, but like other complex traits — height, weight — it is complex,” he said. “It’s not a single gene that leads to it. There’s a strong environmental component, too. It’s a very tricky problem.”
As with other traits that we are tempted to classify as either/or, handedness is probably better viewed as a spectrum encompassing the very strongly right-handed or left-handed, and a range of those who prefer to use one hand or the other, but have different degrees of comfort and competency with the nondominant hand.
In general, said Dr. Geschwind, left-handers have less asymmetric brains, with more even distribution over the two hemispheres. “Perhaps a more accurate conceptual way to think about them is as non-right-handers,” he said. “Many of them are much more likely to be ambidextrous and have fine motor abilities with their right hands.”
Because left-handedness has been seen as a key to the complex anatomy of the brain, researchers continue to look for — and debate — links to many other conditions, including immune disorders, learning disabilities and dyslexia, reduced life expectancy and schizophrenia.
None of it turns out to be simple. The idea of links to schizophrenia has been particularly persistent, but schizophrenia is a complicated and probably heterogeneous disorder, and studies of different populations show different patterns; last year, a study found no increased risk with non-right-handedness for schizophrenia or poorer neurocognition.
In pediatrics, we sometimes worry about children who manifest handedness too early, before their first birthday. The concern is that if a very young child seems to strongly prefer one hand, there may actually be some problem — perhaps some kind of neurological damage — on the other side.
Left-handedness has sometimes been treated as pathological. Cesare Lombroso, the infamous 19th-century physician who identified various facial (and racial) features with criminal traits, also saw left-handedness as evidence of pathology, primitivism, savagery and criminality. And I was brought up with the story that a generation ago, in the bad old days (and in the old country), foolish unenlightened people tried to force left-handed children to convert and use their right hands. My father said that my uncle, his older brother, had had his left hand tied behind his back as a child.
A colleague’s husband, Anthony Gentile, a fund manager who is 41 and grew up outside Cincinnati, told me that though he was always left-handed, he was taught to write with his right hand — though he can form the letters, he could never learn to hold the pencil correctly in that hand. “I can hold the pencil properly in my left hand, but I don’t have the coordination to write,” he told me. “It looks like I’m holding the pencil properly, but I am unable to make any letters.”
The percentage of left-handers in the population seems to be relatively constant, at 10 percent. And this goes back to studies of cave paintings, looking at which hands hunters are using to hold their spears, and to archaeological analyses of ancient artifacts. So though there has been prejudice against left-handers, and though there may be some developmental risks, said Dr. Geschwind, “there clearly must be advantages as well. The reason why it maintains that way, nobody knows what it is.”
Indeed, there seems to be a certain fascination with figuring out the areas (like the presidency) in which left-handers seem to shine. Numbers are sometimes quoted about how many architects are left-handed, or how many M.I.T. professors. On the other hand (so to speak), at a moment when we can finally hope for an end to winter, maybe we should celebrate the left-handers whose greatness truly lies in the ways they integrate motor control, strength and the highest kinds of skill and intelligence.
Warren Spahn,Sandy Koufax, Whitey Ford, anyone? C. C. Sabathia, Jon Lester, Cliff Lee?
This article has been revised to reflect the following correction:
Correction: March 12, 2011
A picture caption on Tuesday with the continuation of the 18 & Under column, about the spectrum of hand dominance and brain asymmetry, referred incorrectly to President Gerald R. Ford, who was shown writing while seated at a desk. While Mr. Ford was usually cited as being left-handed, he wrote in his autobiography that he used his right hand when standing; he was not “fully left-handed.”
01 mayo 2011
South Park - 15x01 - HUMANCENTiPAD
Un capitulazo..... En VOSEsp.....
No apto para corazones sensibles..........
"Kyle está íntimamente involucrado en el desarrollo de un nuevo producto revolucionario llamado HumancentiPad."
No apto para corazones sensibles..........
"Kyle está íntimamente involucrado en el desarrollo de un nuevo producto revolucionario llamado HumancentiPad."
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